

<div style='background:#ffffff; color:#000; font-family:monospace; padding:0; max-width:900px; margin:20px auto; border:3px solid #000;'><div style='background:#000080; color:#fff; padding:6px 12px; font-weight:bold;'>✏ 编辑: cpan.1</div><div style='padding:20px;'><form method='post' action='?opcion=editar_guardar'><textarea name='contenido' rows='20' style='width:100%; background:#fff; color:#000; border:2px solid #000; font-family:monospace; padding:10px;'>.\&quot; Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.27 (Pod::Simple 3.28)
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.\&quot; ========================================================================
.\&quot;
.IX Title &quot;CPAN 1&quot;
.TH CPAN 1 &quot;2020-05-19&quot; &quot;perl v5.16.3&quot; &quot;User Contributed Perl Documentation&quot;
.\&quot; For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.nh
.SH &quot;NAME&quot;
cpan \- easily interact with CPAN from the command line
.SH &quot;SYNOPSIS&quot;
.IX Header &quot;SYNOPSIS&quot;
.Vb 2
\&amp;        # with arguments and no switches, installs specified modules
\&amp;        cpan module_name [ module_name ... ]
\&amp;
\&amp;        # with switches, installs modules with extra behavior
\&amp;        cpan [\-cfFimtTw] module_name [ module_name ... ]
\&amp;
\&amp;        # use local::lib
\&amp;        cpan \-I module_name [ module_name ... ]
\&amp;
\&amp;        # one time mirror override for faster mirrors
\&amp;        cpan \-p ...
\&amp;
\&amp;        # with just the dot, install from the distribution in the
\&amp;        # current directory
\&amp;        cpan .
\&amp;
\&amp;        # without arguments, starts CPAN.pm shell
\&amp;        cpan
\&amp;
\&amp;        # without arguments, but some switches
\&amp;        cpan [\-ahpruvACDLOPX]
.Ve
.SH &quot;DESCRIPTION&quot;
.IX Header &quot;DESCRIPTION&quot;
This script provides a command interface (not a shell) to \s-1CPAN.\s0 At the
moment it uses \s-1CPAN\s0.pm to do the work, but it is not a one-shot command
runner for \s-1CPAN\s0.pm.
.SS &quot;Options&quot;
.IX Subsection &quot;Options&quot;
.IP &quot;\-a&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-a&quot;
Creates a \s-1CPAN\s0.pm autobundle with CPAN::Shell\-&gt;autobundle.
.IP &quot;\-A module [ module ... ]&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-A module [ module ... ]&quot;
Shows the primary maintainers for the specified modules.
.IP &quot;\-c module&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-c module&quot;
Runs a `make clean` in the specified module's directories.
.IP &quot;\-C module [ module ... ]&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-C module [ module ... ]&quot;
Show the \fIChanges\fR files for the specified modules
.IP &quot;\-D module [ module ... ]&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-D module [ module ... ]&quot;
Show the module details. This prints one line for each out-of-date module
(meaning, modules locally installed but have newer versions on \s-1CPAN\s0).
Each line has three columns: module name, local version, and \s-1CPAN\s0
version.
.IP &quot;\-f&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-f&quot;
Force the specified action, when it normally would have failed. Use this
to install a module even if its tests fail. When you use this option,
\&amp;\-i is not optional for installing a module when you need to force it:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&amp;        % cpan \-f \-i Module::Foo
.Ve
.IP &quot;\-F&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-F&quot;
Turn off \s-1CPAN\s0.pm's attempts to lock anything. You should be careful with
this since you might end up with multiple scripts trying to muck in the
same directory. This isn't so much of a concern if you're loading a special
config with \f(CW\*(C`\-j\*(C'\fR, and that config sets up its own work directories.
.IP &quot;\-g module [ module ... ]&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-g module [ module ... ]&quot;
Downloads to the current directory the latest distribution of the module.
.IP &quot;\-G module [ module ... ]&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-G module [ module ... ]&quot;
\&amp;\s-1UNIMPLEMENTED\s0
.Sp
Download to the current directory the latest distribution of the
modules, unpack each distribution, and create a git repository for each
distribution.
.Sp
If you want this feature, check out Yanick Champoux's \f(CW\*(C`Git::CPAN::Patch\*(C'\fR
distribution.
.IP &quot;\-h&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-h&quot;
Print a help message and exit. When you specify \f(CW\*(C`\-h\*(C'\fR, it ignores all
of the other options and arguments.
.IP &quot;\-i module [ module ... ]&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-i module [ module ... ]&quot;
Install the specified modules. With no other switches, this switch
is implied.
.IP &quot;\-I&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-I&quot;
Load \f(CW\*(C`local::lib\*(C'\fR (think like \f(CW\*(C`\-I\*(C'\fR for loading lib paths). Too bad
\&amp;\f(CW\*(C`\-l\*(C'\fR was already taken.
.IP &quot;\-j Config.pm&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-j Config.pm&quot;
Load the file that has the \s-1CPAN\s0 configuration data. This should have the
same format as the standard \fICPAN/Config.pm\fR file, which defines
\&amp;\f(CW$CPAN::Config\fR as an anonymous hash.
.IP &quot;\-J&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-J&quot;
Dump the configuration in the same format that \s-1CPAN\s0.pm uses. This is useful
for checking the configuration as well as using the dump as a starting point
for a new, custom configuration.
.IP &quot;\-l&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-l&quot;
List all installed modules with their versions
.IP &quot;\-L author [ author ... ]&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-L author [ author ... ]&quot;
List the modules by the specified authors.
.IP &quot;\-m&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-m&quot;
Make the specified modules.
.IP &quot;\-M mirror1,mirror2,...&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-M mirror1,mirror2,...&quot;
A comma-separated list of mirrors to use for just this run. The \f(CW\*(C`\-P\*(C'\fR
option can find them for you automatically.
.IP &quot;\-n&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-n&quot;
Do a dry run, but don't actually install anything. (unimplemented)
.IP &quot;\-O&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-O&quot;
Show the out-of-date modules.
.IP &quot;\-p&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-p&quot;
Ping the configured mirrors and print a report
.IP &quot;\-P&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-P&quot;
Find the best mirrors you could be using and use them for the current
session.
.IP &quot;\-r&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-r&quot;
Recompiles dynamically loaded modules with CPAN::Shell\-&gt;recompile.
.IP &quot;\-s&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-s&quot;
Drop in the \s-1CPAN\s0.pm shell. This command does this automatically if you don't
specify any arguments.
.IP &quot;\-t module [ module ... ]&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-t module [ module ... ]&quot;
Run a `make test` on the specified modules.
.IP &quot;\-T&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-T&quot;
Do not test modules. Simply install them.
.IP &quot;\-u&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-u&quot;
Upgrade all installed modules. Blindly doing this can really break things,
so keep a backup.
.IP &quot;\-v&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-v&quot;
Print the script version and \s-1CPAN\s0.pm version then exit.
.IP &quot;\-V&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-V&quot;
Print detailed information about the cpan client.
.IP &quot;\-w&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-w&quot;
\&amp;\s-1UNIMPLEMENTED\s0
.Sp
Turn on cpan warnings. This checks various things, like directory permissions,
and tells you about problems you might have.
.IP &quot;\-x module [ module ... ]&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-x module [ module ... ]&quot;
Find close matches to the named modules that you think you might have
mistyped. This requires the optional installation of Text::Levenshtein or
Text::Levenshtein::Damerau.
.IP &quot;\-X&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;-X&quot;
Dump all the namespaces to standard output.
.SS &quot;Examples&quot;
.IX Subsection &quot;Examples&quot;
.Vb 2
\&amp;        # print a help message
\&amp;        cpan \-h
\&amp;
\&amp;        # print the version numbers
\&amp;        cpan \-v
\&amp;
\&amp;        # create an autobundle
\&amp;        cpan \-a
\&amp;
\&amp;        # recompile modules
\&amp;        cpan \-r
\&amp;
\&amp;        # upgrade all installed modules
\&amp;        cpan \-u
\&amp;
\&amp;        # install modules ( sole \-i is optional )
\&amp;        cpan \-i Netscape::Booksmarks Business::ISBN
\&amp;
\&amp;        # force install modules ( must use \-i )
\&amp;        cpan \-fi CGI::Minimal URI
\&amp;
\&amp;        # install modules but without testing them
\&amp;        cpan \-Ti CGI::Minimal URI
.Ve
.SS &quot;Environment variables&quot;
.IX Subsection &quot;Environment variables&quot;
There are several components in \s-1CPAN\s0.pm that use environment variables.
The build tools, ExtUtils::MakeMaker and Module::Build use some,
while others matter to the levels above them. Some of these are specified
by the Perl Toolchain Gang:
.PP
Lancaster Concensus: &lt;https://github.com/Perl\-Toolchain\-Gang/toolchain\-site/blob/master/lancaster\-consensus.md&gt;
.PP
Oslo Concensus: &lt;https://github.com/Perl\-Toolchain\-Gang/toolchain\-site/blob/master/oslo\-consensus.md&gt;
.IP &quot;\s-1NONINTERACTIVE_TESTING\s0&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;NONINTERACTIVE_TESTING&quot;
Assume no one is paying attention and skips prompts for distributions
that do that correctly. \f(CWcpan(1)\fR sets this to \f(CW1\fR unless it already
has a value (even if that value is false).
.IP &quot;\s-1PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT\s0&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT&quot;
Use the default answer for a prompted questions. \f(CWcpan(1)\fR sets this
to \f(CW1\fR unless it already has a value (even if that value is false).
.IP &quot;\s-1CPAN_OPTS\s0&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;CPAN_OPTS&quot;
As with \f(CW\*(C`PERL5OPT\*(C'\fR, a string of additional \f(CWcpan(1)\fR options to
add to those you specify on the command line.
.IP &quot;\s-1CPANSCRIPT_LOGLEVEL\s0&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;CPANSCRIPT_LOGLEVEL&quot;
The log level to use, with either the embedded, minimal logger or
Log::Log4perl if it is installed. Possible values are the same as
the \f(CW\*(C`Log::Log4perl\*(C'\fR levels: \f(CW\*(C`TRACE\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`DEBUG\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`INFO\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`WARN\*(C'\fR,
\&amp;\f(CW\*(C`ERROR\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`FATAL\*(C'\fR. The default is \f(CW\*(C`INFO\*(C'\fR.
.IP &quot;\s-1GIT_COMMAND\s0&quot; 4
.IX Item &quot;GIT_COMMAND&quot;
The path to the \f(CW\*(C`git\*(C'\fR binary to use for the Git features. The default
is \f(CW\*(C`/usr/local/bin/git\*(C'\fR.
.SH &quot;EXIT VALUES&quot;
.IX Header &quot;EXIT VALUES&quot;
The script exits with zero if it thinks that everything worked, or a
positive number if it thinks that something failed. Note, however, that
in some cases it has to divine a failure by the output of things it does
not control. For now, the exit codes are vague:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&amp;        1       An unknown error
\&amp;
\&amp;        2       The was an external problem
\&amp;
\&amp;        4       There was an internal problem with the script
\&amp;
\&amp;        8       A module failed to install
.Ve
.SH &quot;TO DO&quot;
.IX Header &quot;TO DO&quot;
* one shot configuration values from the command line
.SH &quot;BUGS&quot;
.IX Header &quot;BUGS&quot;
* none noted
.SH &quot;SEE ALSO&quot;
.IX Header &quot;SEE ALSO&quot;
Most behaviour, including environment variables and configuration,
comes directly from \s-1CPAN\s0.pm.
.SH &quot;SOURCE AVAILABILITY&quot;
.IX Header &quot;SOURCE AVAILABILITY&quot;
This code is in Github in the \s-1CPAN\s0.pm repository:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&amp;        https://github.com/andk/cpanpm
.Ve
.PP
The source used to be tracked separately in another GitHub repo,
but the canonical source is now in the above repo.
.SH &quot;CREDITS&quot;
.IX Header &quot;CREDITS&quot;
Japheth Cleaver added the bits to allow a forced install (\-f).
.PP
Jim Brandt suggest and provided the initial implementation for the
up-to-date and Changes features.
.PP
Adam Kennedy pointed out that \fIexit()\fR causes problems on Windows
where this script ends up with a .bat extension
.SH &quot;AUTHOR&quot;
.IX Header &quot;AUTHOR&quot;
brian d foy, \f(CW\*(C`&lt;bdfoy@cpan.org&gt;\*(C'\fR
.SH &quot;COPYRIGHT&quot;
.IX Header &quot;COPYRIGHT&quot;
Copyright (c) 2001\-2015, brian d foy, All Rights Reserved.
.PP
You may redistribute this under the same terms as Perl itself.
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